MySQL逻辑导出备份select into outfile
逻辑数据导出(备份)
用法:
mysql>select * into outfile ‘/back/emp3.sql’ from emp;
无论是什么存储引擎,本身是一种数据导出的方法,同时可以用来辅助备份,它可以对一个表的其中一列或者某几列做备份,如果是多列的话用逗号隔开
逻辑数据导入(恢复)
方法一:
mysql> load data local infile ‘/back/emp.sql’ into table emp;
说明:该方法要求在编译数据库时要加上–enable-local-infile参数才可以使用
方法二:
说明:filename 必须和数据库里面表名一样
综合示例
例一
mysql> create table t1(id int, name varchar(32));
# 插入数据
mysql> insert into t1 values(1,’haha’),(2,’wowo’),(3,’lili’),(4,’yoyo’);
# 查看表
mysql> select * from t1;
+——+——+
| id | name |
+——+——+
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 3 | lili |
| 4 | yoyo |
+——+——+
# 备份
mysql> select id, name into outfile ‘/tmp/back_mysql’ from t1;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看备份
1 haha
2 wowo
3 lili
4 yoyo
删除数据并测试
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+——+——+
| id | name |
+——+——+
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 4 | yoyo |
+——+——+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> load data local infile ‘/tmp/back_mysql’ into table t1;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t1;
+——+——+
| id | name |
+——+——+
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 4 | yoyo |
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 3 | lili |
| 4 | yoyo |
+——+——+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
View Code
例二
创建一个表,把系统里的/etc/passwd导入数据库
username varchar(40),
password char(5),
uid int,
gid int,
comment varchar(30),
homedir varchar(30),
shell varchar(30));
处理passwd文件,将:替换成制表符
导入数据库
方法一:
+—————+———-+——-+——-+——————————+————————+—————-+
| username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+—————+———-+——-+——-+——————————+————————+—————-+
| root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
| bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
| daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin |
| adm | x | 3 | 4 | adm | /var/adm | /sbin/nologin |
| lp | x | 4 | 7 | lp | /var/spool/lpd | /sbin/nologin |
| sync | x | 5 | 0 | sync | /sbin | /bin/sync |
| shutdown | x | 6 | 0 | shutdown | /sbin | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt | x | 7 | 0 | halt | /sbin | /sbin/halt |
| mail | x | 8 | 12 | mail | /var/spool/mail | /sbin/nologin |
| uucp | x | 10 | 14 | uucp | /var/spool/uucp | /sbin/nologin |
| operator | x | 11 | 0 | operator | /root | /sbin/nologin |
| games | x | 12 | 100 | games | /usr/games | /sbin/nologin |
| gopher | x | 13 | 30 | gopher | /var/gopher | /sbin/nologin |
| ftp | x | 14 | 50 | FTP User | /var/ftp | /sbin/nologin |
| nobody | x | 99 | 99 | Nobody | / | /sbin/nologin |
| dbus | x | 81 | 81 | System message bus | / | /sbin/nologin |
| usbmuxd | x | 113 | 113 | usbmuxd user | / | /sbin/nologin |
| rpc | x | 32 | 32 | Rpcbind Daemon | /var/lib/rpcbind | /sbin/nologin |
| rtkit | x | 499 | 499 | RealtimeKit | /proc | /sbin/nologin |
| avahi-autoipd | x | 170 | 170 | Avahi IPv4LL Stack | /var/lib/avahi-autoipd | /sbin/nologin |
| vcsa | x | 69 | 69 | virtual console memory owner | /dev | /sbin/nologin |
| abrt | x | 173 | 173 | | /etc/abrt | /sbin/nologin |
| rpcuser | x | 29 | 29 | RPC Service User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin |
| nfsnobody | x | 65534 | 65534 | Anonymous NFS User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin |
| haldaemon | x | 68 | 68 | HAL daemon | / | /sbin/nologin |
| ntp | x | 38 | 38 | | /etc/ntp | /sbin/nologin |
| apache | x | 48 | 48 | Apache | /var/www | /sbin/nologin |
| saslauth | x | 498 | 76 | Saslauthd user | /var/empty/saslauth | /sbin/nologin |
| postfix | x | 89 | 89 | | /var/spool/postfix | /sbin/nologin |
| gdm | x | 42 | 42 | | /var/lib/gdm | /sbin/nologin |
| pulse | x | 497 | 496 | PulseAudio System Daemon | /var/run/pulse | /sbin/nologin |
| sshd | x | 74 | 74 | Privilege-separated SSH | /var/empty/sshd | /sbin/nologin |
| tcpdump | x | 72 | 72 | | / | /sbin/nologin |
| mysql | x | 27 | 27 | MySQL Server | /var/lib/mysql | /bin/bash |
+—————+———-+——-+——-+——————————+————————+—————-+
方法二:
通过mysqlimport进行导入
注意:导入的文件名必须和表名一样
[root@Admin ~]# mysqlimport –fields-terminated-by=’:’ –lines-terminated-by=’\n’ login ‘/tmp/password’
login.password: Records: 34 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
说明:文件不需处理, 通过–fields-terminated-by=':' 和 –lines-terminated-by='\n' 将passwd文件中的冒号替换为制表符
+—————+———-+——-+——-+——————————+————————+—————-+
| username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+—————+———-+——-+——-+——————————+————————+—————-+
| root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
| bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
| daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin |
| adm | x | 3 | 4 | adm | /var/adm | /sbin/nologin |
| lp | x | 4 | 7 | lp | /var/spool/lpd | /sbin/nologin |
| sync | x | 5 | 0 | sync | /sbin | /bin/sync |
| shutdown | x | 6 | 0 | shutdown | /sbin | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt | x | 7 | 0 | halt | /sbin | /sbin/halt |
| mail | x | 8 | 12 | mail | /var/spool/mail | /sbin/nologin |
| uucp | x | 10 | 14 | uucp | /var/spool/uucp | /sbin/nologin |
| operator | x | 11 | 0 | operator | /root | /sbin/nologin |
| games | x | 12 | 100 | games | /usr/games | /sbin/nologin |
| gopher | x | 13 | 30 | gopher | /var/gopher | /sbin/nologin |
| ftp | x | 14 | 50 | FTP User | /var/ftp | /sbin/nologin |
| nobody | x | 99 | 99 | Nobody | / | /sbin/nologin |
| dbus | x | 81 | 81 | System message bus | / | /sbin/nologin |
| usbmuxd | x | 113 | 113 | usbmuxd user | / | /sbin/nologin |
| rpc | x | 32 | 32 | Rpcbind Daemon | /var/lib/rpcbind | /sbin/nologin |
| rtkit | x | 499 | 499 | RealtimeKit | /proc | /sbin/nologin |
| avahi-autoipd | x | 170 | 170 | Avahi IPv4LL Stack | /var/lib/avahi-autoipd | /sbin/nologin |
| vcsa | x | 69 | 69 | virtual console memory owner | /dev | /sbin/nologin |
| abrt | x | 173 | 173 | | /etc/abrt | /sbin/nologin |
| rpcuser | x | 29 | 29 | RPC Service User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin |
| nfsnobody | x | 65534 | 65534 | Anonymous NFS User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin |
| haldaemon | x | 68 | 68 | HAL daemon | / | /sbin/nologin |
| ntp | x | 38 | 38 | | /etc/ntp | /sbin/nologin |
| apache | x | 48 | 48 | Apache | /var/www | /sbin/nologin |
| saslauth | x | 498 | 76 | Saslauthd user | /var/empty/saslauth | /sbin/nologin |
| postfix | x | 89 | 89 | | /var/spool/postfix | /sbin/nologin |
| gdm | x | 42 | 42 | | /var/lib/gdm | /sbin/nologin |
| pulse | x | 497 | 496 | PulseAudio System Daemon | /var/run/pulse | /sbin/nologin |
| sshd | x | 74 | 74 | Privilege-separated SSH | /var/empty/sshd | /sbin/nologin |
| tcpdump | x | 72 | 72 | | / | /sbin/nologin |
| mysql | x | 27 | 27 | MySQL Server | /var/lib/mysql | /bin/bash |
+—————+———-+——-+——-+——————————+————————+—————-+
34 rows in set (0.00 sec)
例三
把用户登录系统的信息存储到数据库里
需要显示如下:
select username 用户名, tty 登录终端, ip 来源IP from login;
创建数据库
处理登录数据并存储在文件里:
存储
方法一:
方法二:
查看结果:
mysql> select username 用户名, tty 登录终端, ip 来源IP from login;
+———–+————–+—————+
| 用户名 | 登录终端 | 来源IP |
+———–+————–+—————+
| root | pts/2 | 192.168.1.131 |
| root | pts/1 | 192.168.1.131 |
| root | pts/1 | 192.168.1.131 |
| root | pts/0 | :0.0 |
| root | tty1 | :0 |
| root | pts/0 | :0.0 |
| root | tty1 | :0 |
| | | |
+———–+————–+—————+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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