SQL基础：SQL Server表分区删除详情
一、引言
删除分区又称为合并分区，简单地讲就是将多个分区的数据进行合并。现以表Sales.SalesOrderHeader作为示例，演示如何进行表分区删除。
重要的事情说三遍：备份数据库！备份数据库！备份数据库！
二、演示
2.1、数据查询
2.1.1、 查看分区元数据
SELECT * FROM SYS.PARTITION_FUNCTIONS –分区函数
SELECT * FROM SYS.PARTITION_RANGE_VALUES –分区方案
2.1.2、统计每个分区的数据量
SELECT $PARTITION.SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate(OrderDate) AS NUMBER,COUNT(1) AS COUNT
FROM [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader]
GROUP BY $PARTITION.SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate(OrderDate)
分区表中有数据时，是不能够删除分区方案和分区函数的，只能将数据先移到其它表中，再删除。
2.2、删除实操
2.2.1、合并原表分区
ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate() MERGE RANGE(‘2011-01-01 00:00:00.000’)
ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate() MERGE RANGE(‘2012-01-01 00:00:00.000’)
ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate() MERGE RANGE(‘2013-01-01 00:00:00.000’)
ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate() MERGE RANGE(‘2014-01-01 00:00:00.000’)
2.2.2、备份原表所有索引的创建脚本
ALTER TABLE [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_SalesOrderHeader_SalesOrderID] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED
(
[SalesOrderID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
2.2.3、删除原表所有索引
ALTER TABLE [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader] DROP CONSTRAINT [PK_SalesOrderHeader_SalesOrderID]
2.2.4、创建临时表
CREATE TABLE [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader_Temp](
[SalesOrderID] [INT] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT FOR REPLICATION NOT NULL,
[RevisionNumber] [TINYINT] NOT NULL,
[OrderDate] [DATETIME] NOT NULL,
[DueDate] [DATETIME] NOT NULL,
[ShipDate] [DATETIME] NULL,
[Status] [TINYINT] NOT NULL,
[OnlineOrderFlag] [dbo].[Flag] NOT NULL,
[SalesOrderNumber] AS (ISNULL(N’SO’+CONVERT([NVARCHAR](23),[SalesOrderID]),N’*** ERROR ***’)),
[PurchaseOrderNumber] [dbo].[OrderNumber] NULL,
[AccountNumber] [dbo].[AccountNumber] NULL,
[CustomerID] [INT] NOT NULL,
[SalesPersonID] [INT] NULL,
[TerritoryID] [INT] NULL,
[BillToAddressID] [INT] NOT NULL,
[ShipToAddressID] [INT] NOT NULL,
[ShipMethodID] [INT] NOT NULL,
[CreditCardID] [INT] NULL,
[CreditCardApprovalCode] [VARCHAR](15) NULL,
[CurrencyRateID] [INT] NULL,
[SubTotal] [MONEY] NOT NULL,
[TaxAmt] [MONEY] NOT NULL,
[Freight] [MONEY] NOT NULL,
[TotalDue] AS (ISNULL(([SubTotal]+[TaxAmt])+[Freight],(0))),
[Comment] [NVARCHAR](128) NULL,
[rowguid] [UNIQUEIDENTIFIER] ROWGUIDCOL NOT NULL,
[ModifiedDate] [DATETIME] NOT NULL
)
2.2.5、更改原表数据空间类型
1）对着原表Sales.SalesOrderHeader点击”右键”->”设计”。
2）点击菜单栏”视图”->”属性窗口”。
3）将数据空间类型更改为”文件组”，常规数据空间规范默认为”PRIMARY”。
2.2.6、移动原表分区数据到临时表
ALTER TABLE [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader] SWITCH PARTITION 1 TO [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader_Temp] PARTITION 1
到临时表
ALTER TABLE [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader_Temp] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_SalesOrderHeader_SalesOrderID] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED
(
[SalesOrderID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
2.2.8、删除原表
DROP TABLE Sales.SalesOrderHeader
2.2.9、删除分区方案和分区函数
DROP PARTITION SCHEME SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate
DROP PARTITION FUNCTION SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate
2.2.10重命名表名
EXEC SP_RENAME ‘[Sales].[SalesOrderHeader_Temp]’,’SalesOrderHeader’
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