实现tac功能的linux系统编程 (linux系统编程 实现简化的tac功能)
实现tac功能的Linux系统编程
在Linux系统中,tac是一个非常实用的命令,它可以将文件按行反序输出,即将最后一行输出为之一行,以此类推。但是,如果你需要在程序中实现tac功能,该怎么做呢?本文将介绍实现tac功能的Linux系统编程方法。
一、使用标准库函数实现tac
使用Linux系统编程常用的标准库函数,我们可以很容易地实现tac功能。
1.读取文件
从文件中逐行读取数据,并存储到缓存中。
参考代码:
“`c
#include
#include
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int mn(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, “Usage: %s filename\n”, argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
FILE* fp = fopen(argv[1], “r”);
if (fp == NULL) {
perror(“fopen”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
char** lines = NULL;
size_t lines_size = 0;
ssize_t length;
while ((length = getline(&buffer, &BUFFER_SIZE, fp)) != -1) {
char* line = malloc(length + 1);
if (line == NULL) {
perror(“malloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
memcpy(line, buffer, length);
line[length] = ‘\0’;
lines = realloc(lines, (lines_size + 1) * sizeof(char*));
if (lines == NULL) {
perror(“realloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
lines[lines_size++] = line;
}
fclose(fp);
// TODO: 输出缓存中的数据
for (size_t i = 0; i
free(lines[i]);
}
free(lines);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
“`
2.反序输出
从缓存中逆序遍历数据,并输出到标准输出。
参考代码:
“`c
for (ssize_t i = lines_size – 1; i >= 0; –i) {
printf(“%s”, lines[i]);
}
“`
完整代码:
“`c
#include
#include
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int mn(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, “Usage: %s filename\n”, argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
FILE* fp = fopen(argv[1], “r”);
if (fp == NULL) {
perror(“fopen”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
char** lines = NULL;
size_t lines_size = 0;
ssize_t length;
while ((length = getline(&buffer, &BUFFER_SIZE, fp)) != -1) {
char* line = malloc(length + 1);
if (line == NULL) {
perror(“malloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
memcpy(line, buffer, length);
line[length] = ‘\0’;
lines = realloc(lines, (lines_size + 1) * sizeof(char*));
if (lines == NULL) {
perror(“realloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
lines[lines_size++] = line;
}
fclose(fp);
for (ssize_t i = lines_size – 1; i >= 0; –i) {
printf(“%s”, lines[i]);
}
for (size_t i = 0; i
free(lines[i]);
}
free(lines);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
“`
二、使用数据结构实现tac
另一种实现tac功能的方法是使用数据结构。我们可以使用链表、栈等数据结构来存储文件的每一行,并按照相反的顺序输出。
1.链表实现
我们可以使用链表来存储文件中的每一行数据,并且使用一个指针指向链表的最后一个元素,便于遍历。读取数据时,将每一行数据新建一个节点,插入到链表头部,输出数据时,从链表头部开始遍历即可。
参考代码:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
typedef struct node {
char* data;
struct node* next;
} Node;
Node* append(Node* head, char* data) {
Node* node = malloc(sizeof(Node));
if (node == NULL) {
perror(“malloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
node->data = malloc(strlen(data) + 1);
if (node->data == NULL) {
perror(“malloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
strcpy(node->data, data);
node->next = head;
return node;
}
void print(Node* head) {
for (Node* node = head; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
printf(“%s”, node->data);
}
}
int mn(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, “Usage: %s filename\n”, argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
FILE* fp = fopen(argv[1], “r”);
if (fp == NULL) {
perror(“fopen”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
char buffer[1024];
Node* head = NULL;
while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp) != NULL) {
head = append(head, buffer);
}
fclose(fp);
print(head);
for (Node* node = head; node != NULL;) {
Node* next = node->next;
free(node->data);
free(node);
node = next;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
“`
2.栈实现
使用栈的方式实现tac功能,我们可以使用一个栈来存储文件的每一行数据,读取数据时,每读取一行就将其压入栈中,输出数据时,从栈顶开始弹出元素即可。
参考代码:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
typedef struct stack {
char* data;
struct stack* next;
} Stack;
Stack* push(Stack* top, char* data) {
Stack* node = malloc(sizeof(Stack));
if (node == NULL) {
perror(“malloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
node->data = malloc(strlen(data) + 1);
if (node->data == NULL) {
perror(“malloc”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
strcpy(node->data, data);
node->next = top;
return node;
}
void print(Stack* top) {
for (Stack* node = top; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
printf(“%s”, node->data);
}
}
int mn(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, “Usage: %s filename\n”, argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
FILE* fp = fopen(argv[1], “r”);
if (fp == NULL) {
perror(“fopen”);
exit(EXIT_FLURE);
}
char buffer[1024];
Stack* top = NULL;
while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp) != NULL) {
top = push(top, buffer);
}
fclose(fp);
print(top);
for (Stack* node = top; node != NULL;) {
Stack* next = node->next;
free(node->data);
free(node);
node = next;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
“`