C语言编写的Socket服务器端实现方法 (c socket服务器端)
Socket通信是目前网络编程中最为基础和重要的技术之一,其通过网络套接字的传递来实现两个进程之间的通信。在这个过程中,服务器和客户端的代码实现不同,而对于服务器端来说,C语言是很常用的编程语言之一。下面将详细介绍C语言编写Socket服务器端的实现方法。
1. 创建Socket
在C语言中,创建Socket的函数原型为:
“`
int socket(int domn, int type, int protocol);
“`
其中,domn指的是协议族,确定了网络通信中所采用的应用层协议,如AF_INET代表IPv4协议;type是套接字类型,可以是SOCK_STREAM(流式套接字)或SOCK_DGRAM(数据报套接字);protocol是协议类型,通常设置为0。
在实际代码实现时,创建Socket的步骤如下:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int mn()
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd
printf(“Create socket error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Create socket successfully!\n”);
return 0;
}
“`
2. 绑定端口
在服务器端实现中,一个重要的部分是绑定端口号,以便服务器可以监听来自客户端的连接请求。当监听到连接请求之后,服务器会通过已经创建的套接字来接受客户端请求进行通信。在C语言中,绑定端口号的函数如下:
“`c
int bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *my_addr, int addrlen);
“`
其中,sockfd为已经创建的套接字描述符;my_addr为指向将要绑定的IP地址的指针;addrlen代表my_addr的长度。
下面是在C语言中如何实现绑定端口:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int mn()
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd
printf(“Create socket error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Create socket successfully!\n”);
bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8080);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr))
printf(“Bind port error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Bind port successfully!\n”);
return 0;
}
“`
3. 监听端口
在服务器端绑定端口之后,需要在该端口上开始监听来自客户端的连接请求。在C语言中,监听端口的函数如下:
“`c
int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
“`
其中,sockfd为已经创建的套接字描述符;backlog为连接请求队列的更大长度。
下面是在C语言中如何实现监听端口:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int mn()
{
int sockfd, newsockfd, len;
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr, clientAddr;
char buffer[1024];
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd
printf(“Create socket error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Create socket successfully!\n”);
bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8080);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr))
printf(“Bind port error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Bind port successfully!\n”);
if(listen(sockfd, 10)
printf(“Listen port error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Listening…\n”);
len = sizeof(clientAddr);
newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &clientAddr, &len);
if(newsockfd
printf(“Accept connection error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Accept connection from %s:%d successfully!\n”, inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr), ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port));
return 0;
}
“`
4. 接收客户端请求
服务器端的主要任务之一是接收客户端的连接请求。在C语言中,通过accept函数来接收连接请求:
int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen);
其中,sockfd为Sockfd描述符;addr为返回对方的地址结构;addrlen为addr的长度。
下面是在C语言中如何实现接收客户端请求:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int mn()
{
int sockfd, newsockfd, len;
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr, clientAddr;
char buffer[1024];
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd
printf(“Create socket error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Create socket successfully!\n”);
bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8080);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr))
printf(“Bind port error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Bind port successfully!\n”);
if(listen(sockfd, 10)
printf(“Listen port error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Listening…\n”);
len = sizeof(clientAddr);
newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &clientAddr, &len);
if(newsockfd
printf(“Accept connection error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Accept connection from %s:%d successfully!\n”, inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr), ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port));
return 0;
}
“`
5. 发送和接收数据
当服务器端与客户端建立连接后,就可以进行数据的传递。在C语言中,通过send函数来向客户端发送数据,而通过recv函数来接收客户端发送的数据。
“`c
int send(int sockfd, const void *msg, int len, int flag);
int recv(int sockfd, void *buf, int len, int flag);
“`
其中,sockfd为Sockfd描述符;msg为被传送的数据;len为数据长度;flag为传送选项。
下面是在C语言中如何实现数据的接收和发送:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int mn()
{
int sockfd, newsockfd, len;
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr, clientAddr;
char buffer[1024] = “Welcome to Socket Programming!”;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd
printf(“Create socket error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Create socket successfully!\n”);
bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8080);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr))
printf(“Bind port error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Bind port successfully!\n”);
if(listen(sockfd, 10)
printf(“Listen port error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Listening…\n”);
len = sizeof(clientAddr);
newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &clientAddr, &len);
if(newsockfd
printf(“Accept connection error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Accept connection from %s:%d successfully!\n”, inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr), ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port));
if(send(newsockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0)
printf(“Send data to client error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Send data to client successfully!\n”);
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if(recv(newsockfd, buffer, 1024, 0)
printf(“Receive data from client error!\n”);
exit(1);
}
printf(“Receive data from client:%s\n”, buffer);
close(newsockfd);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
“`