SQLServer行列互转实现思路(聚合函数)
有时候会碰到行转列的需求(也就是将列的值作为列名称),通常我都是用 CASE END + 聚合函数来实现的。
如下:
declare @t table
(StudentName nvarchar(20),
Subject nvarchar(20),
Score int)
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生A’, ‘中文’, 80 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生A’, ‘数学’, 78 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生A’, ‘英语’, 92 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生B’, ‘中文’, 89 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生B’, ‘数学’, 87 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生B’, ‘英语’, 75 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生C’, ‘中文’, 92 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生C’, ‘数学’, 74 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生C’, ‘英语’, 65 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生D’, ‘中文’, 79 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生D’, ‘数学’, 83 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生D’, ‘英语’, 81 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生E’, ‘中文’, 73 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生E’, ‘数学’, 84 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生E’, ‘英语’, 93 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生F’, ‘中文’, 79 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生F’, ‘数学’, 86 );
Insert into @t (StudentName,Subject,Score) values ( ‘学生F’, ‘英语’, 84 );
select StudentName,
sum(case when Subject = N’中文’ then Score else 0 end) Chinese,
sum(case when Subject = N’数学’ then Score else 0 end) Math,
sum(case when Subject = N’英语’ then Score else 0 end) Engilsh
from @t
group by StudentName
今天看到一个新的写法,pivot 可以实现相同的功能(2005才开始支持)。
pivot 的语法为:
table_source
pivot(聚合函数(value_column) pivot_column for (columnlist))
稍微解释一下:
table_source:是我们要进行转换的表。pivot_column: 就是要进行行转列的列名。value_column:是转换后列的值。columnlist 是要生成的列。
同样是上面的例子,使用pivot 可以这样写得到同样的结果:
select StudentName,
[中文] Chinese,
[数学] Math,
[英语] English
from
(select * from @t) t1
pivot (sum(Score) for Subject in([中文],[英语],[数学])) t2
与之对应的 unpivot 就是列转行了(列名作为值),
unpivot 的语法为:
table_source
unpivot(value_column ubpivot_column for(columnlist))
参数的意义与pivot 是一样的。这里我们可以简单的把刚刚转后的再转回去,这样就得到原来的表了:
select StudentName,
Subject,
Score
from
(select * from @t) t1
pivot (sum(Score) for Subject in([中文],[英语],[数学])) t2
unpivot (Score for Subject in([中文],[英语],[数学])) t3
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