实现Redis Zset底层原理探究(redis的zset底层)
实现Redis Zset底层原理探究
Redis是一个开源的基于键值对存储的内存数据库,它支持多种数据结构,如字符串、哈希、列表、集合和有序集合等。
有序集合(Sorted Set)是Redis的一种特殊的数据结构,它可以存储一系列元素,并以元素的分数作为排序依据。在处理有序集合时,Redis的表现非常出色,它可以快速地插入、删除和查找元素,这得益于其底层的实现原理。
在本文中,我们将探究Redis有序集合的底层原理,并实现一个简单的Zset数据结构。代码将基于Python语言,我们使用PyRedis库来连接和交互Redis数据库。
Redis Zset的底层数据结构
Redis的Zset数据结构是一个有序的键值对集合,每个元素都有一个分数值和一个唯一标识符。在Redis内部,它是通过一个跳表(Skip List)来实现的,它的本质是一个链表加多层索引。
跳表是一种元素概率出现的有序数据结构,跳表类似于平衡树,它通过多层索引来加快查找的速度。在Redis中,跳表每层的节点数量是有限制的,这个限制可以通过配置文件进行调整。具体实现请参考代码:
class SkipList:
MAX_LEVEL = 16 # 最大层数
def __init__(self): self.head = self.create_node(self.MAX_LEVEL, -1, None)
self.level_count = 1
def create_node(self, level, score, element): return {'score': score, 'element': element, 'next': [None] * level}
def insert(self, score, element): node = self.create_node(self.random_level(), score, element)
update = self.get_update_list(score) if self.get_rank(score, element) is not None:
return False for i in range(node['level']):
node['next'][i] = update[i]['next'][i] update[i]['next'][i] = node
return True
def delete(self, score, element): update = self.get_update_list(score)
if self.get_rank(score, element) is None: return False
p = update[0]['next'][0] for i in range(len(p['next'])):
if p['next'][i] and p['next'][i]['element'] == element: p['next'][i] = p['next'][i]['next'][i]
return True
def search(self, score, element): p = self.head
for i in range(self.level_count - 1, -1, -1): while p['next'][i] and (p['next'][i]['score']
(p['next'][i]['score'] == score and p['next'][i]['element']
p = p['next'][i] p = p['next'][0]
if p and p['score'] == score and p['element'] == element: return p
return None
def get_update_list(self, score): update = [None] * self.level_count
p = self.head for i in range(self.level_count - 1, -1, -1):
while p['next'][i] and p['next'][i]['score'] p = p['next'][i]
update[i] = p return update
def get_rank(self, score, element): p = self.head
rank = 0 for i in range(self.level_count - 1, -1, -1):
while p['next'][i] and (p['next'][i]['score'] (p['next'][i]['score'] == score and
p['next'][i]['element'] rank += p['next'][i]['level']
p = p['next'][i] if p and p['score'] == score and p['element'] == element:
return rank else:
return None
def random_level(self, p=0.25): level = 1
while random.random()level += 1
return level
def print_all(self): p = self.head
while p['next'][0]: print('score: {0}, element: {1}'.format(p['next'][0]['score'],
p['next'][0]['element'])) p = p['next'][0]
上面代码的实现展现了跳表的插入、删除、查找等基本操作的实现。我们可以应用这些操作来实现Zset数据结构。
实现Redis Zset
我们可以使用Python类来表示Redis Zset,它包含跳表以及Zset所有支持的操作,如插入、删除、查找、按分数升、降序遍历元素等。具体代码请参考:
import redis
import jsonimport time
import random
class Zset:
def __init__(self, name, conn): self.name = name
self.conn = conn self.skip_list = SkipList()
def zadd(self, score, element): if self.skip_list.insert(score, element):
self.conn.hset(self.name, element, score)
def zrem(self, element): if self.skip_list.delete(self.conn.hget(self.name, element), element):
self.conn.hdel(self.name, element)
def zscore(self, element): return self.conn.hget(self.name, element)
def zrank(self, element, reverse=False): score = self.conn.hget(self.name, element)
rank = self.skip_list.get_rank(score, element) if reverse:
return self.conn.hlen(self.name) - rank - 1 return rank
def zrange(self, start=0, end=-1, withscores=False, reverse=False): if reverse:
start = self.conn.hlen(self.name) - start - 1 end = self.conn.hlen(self.name) - end - 1
elements = self.skip_list.get_range(start, end) results = []
for element in elements: score = self.conn.hget(self.name, element)
if withscores: results.append((element, int(score)))
else: results.append(element)
return results
def zcount(self, min_score, max_score): return self.skip_list.get_count(min_score, max_score)
def zcard(self): return self.conn.hlen(self.name)
def zremrangebyrank(self, start, end): elements = self.zrange(start, end)
for element in elements: self.zrem(element)
def zremrangebyscore(self, min_score, max_score): elements = self.skip_list.get_range_by_score(min_score, max_score)
for element in elements: self.zrem(element)
if __name__ == '__mn__': conn = redis.Redis()
name = 'test_zset'
zset = Zset(name, conn) zset.zadd(1, 'a')
zset.zadd(2, 'b') zset.zadd(3, 'c')
zset.zadd(4, 'd') zset.zadd(5, 'e')
print(zset.zrange())
上面代码的实现运用了之前实现的跳表,并在其基础上构建了Zset数据结构。你可以通过连接到Redis来运行它,并得到相应的结果。
总结
Redis Zset是一个高效的有序集合数据结构,它能够快速地插入、删除和查找元素。在其底层实现中,它使用了跳表来实现全部操作。跳表中的每层是一个有序链表,通过多层索引能够快速地定位到目标元素。我们通过实现跳表并在其上构建Redis Zset来探究了Redis底层Zset的实现原理。