踩坑攻略Redis 订阅发布服务(redis 订阅发布坑)
在分布式系统中,发布订阅模式被广泛应用于解耦服务之间的依赖关系。Redis 作为一种高性能的内存数据库,也提供了丰富的数据结构和命令,支持发布订阅模式。但是,使用 Redis 订阅发布服务时,我们有可能会踩到一些坑。在这篇文章中,我们将分享一些关于 Redis 订阅发布服务的经验和技巧,帮助读者更好地使用 Redis 订阅发布服务。
一、订阅多个频道
Redis 的订阅服务可以同时订阅多个频道,我们只需要在 SUBSCRIBE 命令后面添加需要订阅的频道名即可,例如:
“`
SUBSCRIBE channel1 channel2 channel3
在代码实现时,我们可以通过 Redisson 的 PubSubListener 监听器来实现订阅服务:
```javaRedissonClient redissonClient = Redisson.create();
RKeys keys = redissonClient.getKeys();keys.deleteByPattern("channel*");
String[] channels = new String[]{"channel1", "channel2", "channel3"};Arrays.stream(channels).forEach(channel -> {
RFuture future = redissonClient.getTopic(channel).addListener(new PubSubListener() {
@Override public void onMessage(CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
@Override public void onPatternMessage(CharSequence pattern, CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from pattern " + pattern + " and channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
}); // 阻塞,等待订阅完成
future.syncUninterruptibly();});
二、处理订阅消息
在 Redis 订阅发布服务中,我们可以通过实现 PubSubListener 接口来处理订阅消息。当有消息发布到我们订阅的频道或者与我们订阅的模式匹配的频道时,Redis 就会通过 onMessage 或者 onPatternMessage 函数来通知我们。其中,onMessage 函数处理普通频道的消息,onPatternMessage 函数处理与我们订阅的模式匹配的频道的消息。
当我们处理订阅消息时,需要注意以下几点:
1. Redisson 的订阅服务都是异步的,所以我们需要使用 RFuture 对象来阻塞处理当前订阅。
2. Redisson 对于消息的处理默认是在 Redisson 自己的 EventLoop 中执行的,所以如果我们需要进行一些 IO 操作或者阻塞调用,就需要使用线程池等机制来避免阻塞 Redisson 的 EventLoop。
“`java
RedissonClient redissonClient = Redisson.create();
RKeys keys = redissonClient.getKeys();
keys.deleteByPattern(“channel*”);
RFuture future = redissonClient.getTopic(“channel1”).addListener(new PubSubListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(CharSequence channel, String msg) {
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
// 处理订阅消息
System.out.println(“Received message from channel ” + channel + “: ” + msg);
});
}
@Override
public void onPatternMessage(CharSequence pattern, CharSequence channel, String msg) {
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
// 处理订阅消息
System.out.println(“Received message from pattern ” + pattern + ” and channel ” + channel + “: ” + msg);
});
}
});
// 阻塞,等待订阅完成
future.syncUninterruptibly();
三、取消订阅
在 Redis 订阅发布服务中,我们可以通过执行 UNSUBSCRIBE 命令来取消订阅。如果我们要取消订阅某个频道,可以执行下面的命令:
UNSUBSCRIBE channel1
如果我们要取消订阅所有频道,可以执行下面的命令:
UNSUBSCRIBE
在代码实现中,我们可以通过 RFuture 对象来异步取消订阅,例如:
```javaRedissonClient redissonClient = Redisson.create();
RKeys keys = redissonClient.getKeys();keys.deleteByPattern("channel*");
RTopic channel1 = redissonClient.getTopic("channel1");
RTopic channel2 = redissonClient.getTopic("channel2");
RTopic channel3 = redissonClient.getTopic("channel3");
RFuture future1 = channel1.addListener(new PubSubListener() {
@Override public void onMessage(CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
@Override public void onPatternMessage(CharSequence pattern, CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from pattern " + pattern + " and channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
});
RFuture future2 = channel2.addListener(new PubSubListener() {
@Override public void onMessage(CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
@Override public void onPatternMessage(CharSequence pattern, CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from pattern " + pattern + " and channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
});
RFuture future3 = channel3.addListener(new PubSubListener() {
@Override public void onMessage(CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
@Override public void onPatternMessage(CharSequence pattern, CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println("Received message from pattern " + pattern + " and channel " + channel + ": " + msg); }
});
// 取消订阅RFuture future4 = channel1.removeAllListeners();
future4.syncUninterruptibly();
四、异常处理
在 Redis 订阅发布服务中,我们需要考虑异常处理。例如,如果 Redis 连接中断了,我们需要重新建立连接。如果订阅过程中出现了异常,我们需要及时记录异常并恢复订阅。在异常处理时,我们可以在 RFuture 对象上添加监听器来实现。
“`java
RedissonClient redissonClient = Redisson.create();
RKeys keys = redissonClient.getKeys();
keys.deleteByPattern(“channel*”);
RTopic channel = redissonClient.getTopic(“channel”);
RFuture future = channel.addListener(new PubSubListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println(“Received message from channel ” + channel + “: ” + msg);
}
@Override
public void onPatternMessage(CharSequence pattern, CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println(“Received message from pattern ” + pattern + ” and channel ” + channel + “: ” + msg);
}
});
// 异常处理
future.onComplete((r, ex) -> {
if (ex != null) {
ex.printStackTrace();
// 订阅失败,重新订阅
subscribe(channel);
}
});
private void subscribe(RTopic channel) {
RFuture future = channel.addListener(new PubSubListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println(“Received message from channel ” + channel + “: ” + msg);
}
@Override
public void onPatternMessage(CharSequence pattern, CharSequence channel, String msg) {
System.out.println(“Received message from pattern ” + pattern + ” and channel ” + channel + “: ” + msg);
}
});
future.onComplete((r, ex) -> {
if (ex != null) {
ex.printStackTrace();
// 等待一段时间后重新订阅
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
subscribe(channel);
}
});
}
在使用 Redis 订阅发布服务时,我们需要注意订阅多个频道、处理订阅消息、取消订阅和异常处理等细节。以上的经验和技巧可以帮助我们更好地使用 Redis 订阅发布服务。