分离Oracle实现读写分离开启数据库多用户环境(oracle中读写)
分离Oracle实现读写分离:开启数据库多用户环境
在数据库系统中,读写分离是常见的优化措施之一。Oracle数据库也可以通过配置实现读写分离。本文将介绍如何在Oracle数据库中开启多用户环境,实现读写分离。
1、 创建普通用户并授权
我们可以在Oracle数据库中创建一个普通用户,然后将其授权,使其可以访问需要使用读写分离的表。
CREATE USER test_user IDENTIFIED BY test123;
GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO test_user;
2、 创建角色并授权
我们还可以创建角色,并将其授权给多个用户,以优化管理和授权过程。可以使用下面的命令创建一个角色,并进行授权。
CREATE ROLE test_role;
GRANT SELECT ON test_table TO test_role;
GRANT test_role TO test_user;
3、 配置连接信息
要实现Oracle使用读写分离的功能,需要在配置文件中添加相关配置信息。可以使用下面的命令随时进入数据库配置文件。
sqlplus / as sysdba
编辑Oracle主配置文件“$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora”,添加以下内容:
test_read =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = read_server)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = test_db)
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
)
)
test_write =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = write_server)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = test_db)
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
)
)
其中,“read_server”表示只读服务器的IP地址,“write_server”表示写服务器的IP地址,“test_db”是服务名。
4、 创建数据库连接池
使用数据库连接池可以对数据库连接进行管理,并实现读写分离。可以将读写分离后的连接分别放入到不同的连接池中,从而实现读写分离。下面是创建连接池的代码:
import oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource;
import oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleConnectionCacheProperties;
public class OracleConnPool {
private static final int MAX_CAPACITY = 5;
private static final int MIN_CAPACITY = 1;
private static final int MAX_WT_SECONDS = 3;
private static final String TEST = “SELECT 1 FROM DUAL”;
private static final String URL_READ = “jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=read_server)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=test_db)))”;
private static final String URL_WRITE = “jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=write_server)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=test_db)))”;
private static final String USER = “test_user”;
private static final String PASSWORD = “test123”;
private OracleDataSource dsRead;
private OracleDataSource dsWrite;
public OracleConnPool() throws SQLException {
dsRead = new OracleDataSource();
dsRead.setURL(URL_READ);
dsRead.setUser(USER);
dsRead.setPassword(PASSWORD);
OracleConnectionCacheProperties cachePropsRead = new OracleConnectionCacheProperties();
cachePropsRead.setMinLimit(MIN_CAPACITY);
cachePropsRead.setMaxLimit(MAX_CAPACITY);
cachePropsRead.setInitialLimit(MIN_CAPACITY);
cachePropsRead.setConnectionWtTimeout(MAX_WT_SECONDS);
cachePropsRead.setValidateConnectionOnBorrow(true);
cachePropsRead.setSQLForValidateConnection(TEST);
dsRead.setConnectionCacheProperties(cachePropsRead);
dsWrite = new OracleDataSource();
dsWrite.setURL(URL_WRITE);
dsWrite.setUser(USER);
dsWrite.setPassword(PASSWORD);
OracleConnectionCacheProperties cachePropsWrite = new OracleConnectionCacheProperties();
cachePropsWrite.setMinLimit(MIN_CAPACITY);
cachePropsWrite.setMaxLimit(MAX_CAPACITY);
cachePropsWrite.setInitialLimit(MIN_CAPACITY);
cachePropsWrite.setConnectionWtTimeout(MAX_WT_SECONDS);
cachePropsWrite.setValidateConnectionOnBorrow(true);
cachePropsWrite.setSQLForValidateConnection(TEST);
dsWrite.setConnectionCacheProperties(cachePropsWrite);
}
public OracleDataSource getDsRead() {
return dsRead;
}
public OracleDataSource getDsWrite() {
return dsWrite;
}
}
5、 测试应用程序
我们需要编写一个测试应用程序,在其中测试连接池的读写分离功能。下面是一个简单的测试代码:
public class OracleTest {
public static void mn(String[] args) throws SQLException {
OracleConnPool pool = new OracleConnPool();
OracleDataSource dsRead = pool.getDsRead();
OracleDataSource dsWrite = pool.getDsWrite();
OracleConnection connRead = (OracleConnection) dsRead.getConnection();
OracleConnection connWrite = (OracleConnection) dsWrite.getConnection();
Statement stRead = connRead.createStatement();
Statement stWrite = connWrite.createStatement();
ResultSet rsRead = stRead.executeQuery(“SELECT * FROM test_table”);
ResultSet rsWrite = stWrite.executeQuery(“SELECT * FROM test_table”);
while (rsRead.next()) {
System.out.println(rsRead.getString(1));
}
while (rsWrite.next()) {
System.out.println(rsWrite.getString(1));
}
rsRead.close();
rsWrite.close();
stRead.close();
stWrite.close();
connRead.close();
connWrite.close();
}
}
通过这个测试应用程序,我们可以简单地看到读写分离后的连接池的工作效果。
总结
通过上述步骤,我们可以简单地实现Oracle数据库的读写分离功能。这种实现方式适用于需要频繁进行读取或写入操作的应用程序,可以有效地提高数据库系统的性能。同时,在进行实现这一功能时需要注意一些细节问题,比如创建普通用户并授权、创建角色并授权等。