Oracle为表更新数据从文件到表的实践学习(oracle从文件更新表)
Oracle为表更新数据:从文件到表的实践学习
在数据库管理中,更新数据是非常常见的操作。在Oracle数据库中,有多种方式可以进行数据更新,其中一种是通过从文件中读取数据来更新表。本文将介绍如何使用Oracle来实践学习从文件到表的数据更新操作。同时,还会提供相关的代码实现细节。
步骤一:准备数据
需要先准备一份数据,我们将数据保存在一个 .txt 文件中。在本次实践中,我们准备了一个名为“employee.txt”的文件,其中包含了一些员工的基本信息,包括员工ID号、姓名、年龄、性别、部门、薪资等内容。该文件信息如下所示:
1,张三,25,男,研发部,8000
2,李四,24,女,人事部,7500
3,王五,30,男,财务部,9000
4,赵六,28,女,市场部,8500
步骤二:创建表
接下来,需要在Oracle数据库中创建一张表,用于存储从文件中读到的数据。可以使用如下SQL语句来创建一个名为“employee”的表:
CREATE TABLE employee (
id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
age NUMBER(3) NOT NULL,
gender VARCHAR2(4) NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER(8,2) NOT NULL
);
注:以上 SQL 语句中,我们定义了 employee 表的主键为 id, 且为 5 位数字类型;name、gender 和 department 字段都是字符串类型,长度分别为 20、4 和 20;age 和 salary 字段是数字类型,前者只占 3 位,后者最多占 8 位,其中 2 位小数。
步骤三:读取文件并插入数据
在创建好表之后,我们开始写代码,用于从文件中读取数据,并将其插入到创建的 employee 表中。下面是代码实现的关键部分:
1.使用 UTL_FILE 包中的 FOPEN 过程来打开指定文件;
DECLARE
fileHandler UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
BEGIN
fileHandler := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(‘EMPLOYEES_DIR’, ’employee.txt’, ‘R’);
END;
上述代码中,使用 UTL_FILE.FOPEN 过程打开了 employee.txt 文件,并使用了 EMPLOYEES_DIR 文件夹作为文件存储的根目录。
2. 使用 UTL_FILE 包中的 GET_LINE 函数读取文件中的数据,并分解出相关字段;
DECLARE
fileHandler UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
employeeLine VARCHAR2(100);
employeeID NUMBER(5);
employeeName VARCHAR2(20);
employeeAge NUMBER(3);
employeeGender VARCHAR2(4);
employeeDept VARCHAR2(20);
employeeSalary NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
fileHandler := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(‘EMPLOYEES_DIR’, ’employee.txt’, ‘R’);
LOOP
UTL_FILE.GET_LINE(fileHandler, employeeLine);
EXIT WHEN employeeLine IS NULL;
employeeID := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(employeeLine, 1, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) – 1));
employeeName := SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1);
employeeAge := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1));
employeeGender := SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1);
employeeDept := SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1);
employeeSalary := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1));
END LOOP;
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(fileHandler);
END;
一些建议:可以使用 PL/SQL 函数 SPLIT 方法,简化代码。
3. 使用 INSERT INTO 语句向 employee 表中插入数据;
DECLARE
fileHandler UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
employeeLine VARCHAR2(100);
employeeID NUMBER(5);
employeeName VARCHAR2(20);
employeeAge NUMBER(3);
employeeGender VARCHAR2(4);
employeeDept VARCHAR2(20);
employeeSalary NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
fileHandler := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(‘EMPLOYEES_DIR’, ’employee.txt’, ‘R’);
LOOP
UTL_FILE.GET_LINE(fileHandler, employeeLine);
EXIT WHEN employeeLine IS NULL;
employeeID := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(employeeLine, 1, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) – 1));
employeeName := SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1);
employeeAge := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1));
employeeGender := SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1);
employeeDept := SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) – 1);
employeeSalary := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(SUBSTR(employeeLine, INSTR(employeeLine, ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1), ‘,’) + 1));
INSERT INTO employee (id, name, age, gender, department, salary)
VALUES(employeeID, employeeName, employeeAge, employeeGender, employeeDept, employeeSalary);
END LOOP;
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(fileHandler);
END;
上述 SQL 代码先打开文件,然后使用循环结构读取文件中的每一行数据,使用 INSERT INTO 语句将读到的每行数据插入到 employee 表中。关闭文件对象即可。
终点:总结
本文主要介绍了使用 Oracle 更新表数据的一种方法——从文件到表。我们需要准备一份数据文件,然后在 Oracle 中创建一张用于存储