C语言与Oracle数据库联系紧密(c 和oracle关联)
C语言与Oracle数据库联系紧密
C语言是一种通用的高级编程语言,用于系统编程和应用程序开发。Oracle数据库是世界上最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一。尽管C语言和Oracle数据库具有不同的用途,但它们联系紧密,因为C语言提供了连接Oracle数据库的API,这使得Oracle数据库可以方便地与C语言应用程序交互。在本文中,我们将重点介绍C语言和Oracle数据库之间的联系。
一、Oracle数据库绑定变量
Oracle数据库绑定变量是Oracle数据库与C语言交互的最基本方式。Oracle数据库绑定变量是在C语言应用程序中声明的变量,用于在SQL语句中传递参数。在C语言应用程序中,我们可以使用Oracle提供的OCI(Oracle Call Interface)库来连接数据库并执行SQL语句。将C变量绑定到SQL语句的绑定变量上,可以避免SQL注入攻击,并提高代码的可读性和可维护性。以下是一个示例代码:
“`c
#include
#include
#include
#include
int mn()
{
OCIEnv *env;
OCIError *err;
OCISvcCtx *svc;
OCIStmt *stmt;
OCIDefine *def;
OCIParam *par;
char name[100], sql[1000];
int age;
sword status;
OCIInitialize(OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIEnvInit(&env, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&svc, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&err, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
OCILogon2(env, err, &svc, “user”, strlen(“user”), “password”, strlen(“password”), “dbname”, strlen(“dbname”), OCI_DEFAULT);
sprintf(sql, “select name, age from person where id = :id”);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
OCIStmtPrepare(stmt, err, sql, strlen(sql), OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&par, OCI_HTYPE_PARAM, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
OCIStmtGetBindInfo(stmt, err, 1, &par);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&def, OCI_HTYPE_DEFINE, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
OCIDefineByPos(stmt, &def, err, 1, &name, sizeof(name), SQLT_STR, (dvoid **)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIDefineByPos(stmt, &def, err, 2, &age, sizeof(age), SQLT_INT, (dvoid **)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT);
int id = 100;
OCIBindByPos(stmt, &par, err, 1, &id, sizeof(id), SQLT_INT, (dvoid **)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, 0, (ub4 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT);
status = OCIStmtExecute(svc, stmt, err, 1, 0, 0, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);
if (status != OCI_SUCCESS)
{
printf(“Error: %d”, status);
}
else
{
while (OCIStmtFetch(stmt, err, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_DEFAULT) == OCI_SUCCESS)
{
printf(“%s\t%d\n”, name, age);
}
}
OCIHandleFree(stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
OCIHandleFree(def, OCI_HTYPE_DEFINE);
OCIHandleFree(par, OCI_HTYPE_PARAM);
OCILogoff(svc, err);
OCIHandleFree(svc, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
OCIHandleFree(err, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
OCIEnvDestroy(env);
return 0;
}
二、Oracle数据库和C语言的事务处理
事务处理是与数据库交互的重要方面,以确保数据的一致性和完整性。Oracle数据库使用ACID(原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性)事务模型。C语言应用程序可以使用OCI库来实现事务处理。以下是一个示例代码:
```c#include
#include
#include
#include
int mn(){
OCIEnv *env; OCIError *err;
OCISvcCtx *svc; OCITrans *trans;
OCIStmt *stmt; sword status;
OCIInitialize(OCI_DEFAULT); OCIEnvInit(&env, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&svc, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0); OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&err, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
OCILogon2(env, err, &svc, "user", strlen("user"), "password", strlen("password"), "dbname", strlen("dbname"), OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&trans, OCI_HTYPE_TRANS, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0); OCIAttrSet(svc, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, &trans, 0, OCI_ATTR_TRANS, err);
OCIHandleAlloc(env, (dvoid **)&stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0); OCITransStart(svc, err, 60, OCI_TRANS_READWRITE);
OCIStmtPrepare(stmt, err, "insert into person (id, name, age) values (1, 'Tom', 20)", strlen("insert into person (id, name, age) values (1, 'Tom', 20)"), OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT); status = OCIStmtExecute(trans, stmt, err, 1, 0, 0, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIStmtPrepare(stmt, err, "update person set age = 21 where id = 1", strlen("update person set age = 21 where id = 1"), OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT); status = OCIStmtExecute(trans, stmt, err, 1, 0, 0, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);
if (status != OCI_SUCCESS) {
OCITransRollback(svc, err, OCI_DEFAULT); printf("Transaction fled.\n");
} else
{ OCITransCommit(svc, err, OCI_DEFAULT);
printf("Transaction committed.\n"); }
OCIHandleFree(stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT); OCIHandleFree(trans, OCI_HTYPE_TRANS);
OCILogoff(svc, err); OCIHandleFree(svc, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
OCIHandleFree(err, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR); OCIEnvDestroy(env);
return 0;}
以上示例代码仅供参考,实际开发中应根据具体情况进行修改。C语言和Oracle数据库是紧密联系的,掌握它们之间的交互方法对于开发高质量的应用程序非常重要。