25 Essential Linux System Concepts To Master（linux系统重点知识）

Linux is an open-source operating system that has evolved over the years and become the platform of choice for servers and high-performance computer systems. It is designed to be efficient, secure, robust, and customizable. To be an effective Linux user, it is important to understand the fundamental concepts and features of the system. Here are 25 essential Linux system concepts that you should master.

1. Boot Process: Boot process is a set of steps that are executed during the system startup, when the system is powered up or restarted. It includes hardware initialization, verifying and loading the operating system, and installation of other necessary software and drivers.

2. Processes and Daemons: Processes are programs that are running in the system, and daemons are special processes that run in the background and perform services for other programs.

3. The Command Line: The command line is a powerful way to interact with the Linux system. It offers powerful functionalities that are not available in graphical interfaces, such as scripting and batch processing.

4. File System Hierarchy: Linux file systems have a hierarchical structure, where each file and directory have its own place. It is important to understand this scheme in order to locate and manipulate files and directories.

5. Storage Concepts: Storage concepts are essential for managing system data and files. It includes concepts such as file systems, hard disks, partitions, RAID, and LVM (Logical Volume Manager).

6. Networking Basics: Networking is a fundamental part of managing Linux systems, and it is important to understand the basics of networks in order to properly configure and manage them.

7. Security Concepts: Security is an important concern in the Linux environment. It is important to understand the various security concepts and measures such as user authentication, file permissions, and encryption to maintain a secure system.

8. I/O Redirection: I/O redirection allows for managing input and output from the command line. It allows for automated processes and complex shell operations.

9. System Monitoring: System monitoring is essential for properly maintaining and tuning a Linux system. It includes monitoring for resource utilization, system logs, services, and performance.

10. Package Management: Package management is an important part of maintaining and updating a Linux system. It allows for easy installation, removal, management, and tracking of software packages.

These are just some of the essential Linux system concepts that you should be familiar with in order to be an effective user. By learning these concepts and mastering the associated commands and tools, you will be able to manage Linux systems with confidence and efficiency.