Mastering MySQL: A Guide to Setting Up and Configuring MasterSlave Replication（mysql的主从配置）

MySQL is a widely-used open-source database management system that features high performance, ease of use, and scalability. Master-slave replication is a method used by MySQL to achieve high availability and scalability. It involves creating a copy of the master database on one or more slave servers, which can perform read operations on the replicated data, while the master server can perform both read and write operations.

In this guide, we will cover the steps required to set up and configure master-slave replication in MySQL. We assume that you have already installed MySQL on both the master and slave servers, and that they are both running the same version of MySQL. We also assume that the master and slave servers are accessible to each other over the network.

1. Setting up the Master Server

The first step in setting up master-slave replication is to configure the master server. This involves creating a new user account with replication privileges and configuring the MySQL server to enable binary logging.

1.1 Create a New User Account

The first step is to create a new user account on the master server that the slave server can use to connect for replication. You can use the following SQL command to create a new user account:

CREATE USER 'replication_user'@'slave_server_ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

Replace `slave_server_ip` with the IP address of the slave server and `password` with a secure password.

1.2 Grant Replication Privileges

Next, you need to grant the new user account replication privileges. You can use the following SQL command to grant replication privileges:

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication_user'@'slave_server_ip';

1.3 Configure Binary Logging

Finally, you need to configure the MySQL server to enable binary logging. Binary logging is required for replication as it records all changes to the database, which the slave server can use to replicate those changes. You can enable binary logging by adding the following line to your MySQL configuration file:

log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log

2. Setting up the Slave Server

The next step is to configure the slave server to replicate data from the master server. This involves configuring the MySQL server on the slave server to connect to the master server and retrieve data.

2.1 Configure MySQL Server

First, you need to configure the MySQL server on the slave server to connect to the master server. You can use the following SQL command to configure the MySQL server:

CHANGE MASTER TO
    MASTER_HOST='master_server_ip',
    MASTER_USER='replication_user',
    MASTER_PASSWORD='password',
    MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
    MASTER_LOG_POS=4;

Replace `master_server_ip` with the IP address of the master server, `replication_user` and `password` with the username and password you created in step 1.1, and `mysql-bin.000001` with the binary log file on the master server. You can find the binary log file by running the `SHOW MASTER STATUS;` command on the master server.

2.2 Start Replication

Once you have configured the MySQL server on the slave server, you can start replication by running the following SQL command on the slave server:

START SLAVE;

You can check the status of replication by running the following SQL command:

SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G

This will display information about the replication status, such as the position in the binary log file and any errors that have occurred.

Conclusion

Setting up master-slave replication in MySQL is a straightforward process that involves configuring the master and slave servers and enabling binary logging. Once replication is set up, you can use the slave server to offload read operations from the master server, improving performance and scalability. With this guide, you should now be able to set up and configure master-slave replication in MySQL.