centos6超大磁盘的如何分区格式化
一、服务器环境配置：
1、检查磁盘分区：
近期项目有个服务从虚拟机迁移到物理机，服务磁盘用户自己做了raid为3.8TB 2块磁盘配置 Raid1然后又3.8TB 6块磁盘配置了Raid5，安装操作系统使用的sda 3.8TB空间的raid1已分区。3.8TB*6的磁盘sdb共20TB的空间需要分区，并挂载给系统做存储使用。步骤如下:
1.1查询确认sdb状态：
# fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted Disk /dev/sdb: 20001.1 GB, 20001125826560 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2431665 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00: 2531.7 GB, 2531690283008 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 307793 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01: 1468.0 GB, 1468006400000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 178474 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
1.2、sdb磁盘分区：
# parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted 2.1 使用 /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print #查看当前分区 Model: LSI MRSASRoMB-8i (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0TB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name 标志 (parted) mkpart primary 0% 100% #将磁盘所有空间分为一个区 (parted) print #再次查询磁盘分区 Model: LSI MRSASRoMB-8i (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0TB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name 标志 1 1049kB 20.0TB 20.0TB primary (parted) quit 信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
1.3、正确格式化的方法：
a、使用mkfs命令（如下）格式化是无法格式化的，检查为mkfs.ext4无法格式化16TB以上的分区，原因为Centos6.10 e2fsprogs版本为1.41.12，需升级为1.42版本
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 #无法如此格式化
b、升级e2fsprogs版本：
tar zvxf e2fsprogs-1.42.10.tar.gz cd e2fsprogs-1.42.10 mkdir build cd build/ ../configure make make install ##如有“忽略”错误正常。
c、查询需要分区的扇区大小
# df -h Disk /dev/sdb: 20001.1 GB, 20001125826560 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2431665 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
d、对磁盘重新格式化命令如下：
# mke2fs -O 64bit,has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize -i 267350 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014) Warning: the fs_type huge is not defined in mke2fs.conf Creating filesystem with 4883086848 4k blocks and 76298240 inodes Filesystem UUID: 74dabc93-177b-4531-aab9-e55a1e2efe9d Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632, 2560000000, 3855122432 Allocating group tables: 完成 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or ##提示180天问题 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
e、解决180天问题
# tune2fs -i 3650d /dev/sdb1 tune2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014) Setting interval between checks to 315360000 seconds #确认时间正确 # tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 tune2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: 74dabc93-177b-4531-aab9-e55a1e2efe9d Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 76298240 Block count: 4883086848 Reserved block count: 244154342 Free blocks: 4877929145 Free inodes: 76298229 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Group descriptor size: 64 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 512 Inode blocks per group: 32 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Fri Jun 5 17:08:54 2020 Last mount time: Fri Jun 5 17:14:34 2020 Last write time: Fri Jun 5 17:15:58 2020 Mount count: 1 Maximum mount count: 34 Last checked: Fri Jun 5 17:08:54 2020 ##开始时间 Check interval: 315360000 (121 months, 2 weeks, 6 days) Next check after: Mon Jun 3 17:08:54 2030 ##最终时间 Lifetime writes: 349 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: 0f4e7ee0-4aec-41cf-b81a-7d5a4ed045c4 Journal backup: inode blocks
1.4、挂载磁盘：
a、挂载磁盘
# cd /
# mkdir data
# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00
ext4 2.3T 12G 2.2T 1% /
tmpfs tmpfs 32G 144K 32G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 477M 41M 412M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01
ext4 1.4T 70M 1.3T 1% /home
/dev/sdb1 ext4 19T 20K 18T 1% /data
b、设置开机挂载
在文件尾部增加一行如下内容，需注意实际的文件路径。
vim /etc/fstab /dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
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