Oracle中行列转换的实践(行列转换oracle)
Oracle中提供多种方式实现行转列及列转行,比较实用的有以下四种方式。
下文将根据实际情况介绍行列转换的实现:
### 一、常见的Pivot操作
Pivot操作是最常见也是最简单的行列转换操作,它可以将某列中的值作为新的列展示出来,减少检索时间,提高数据检索速度。下面给出一个Pivot操作的例子:
SELECT *
FROM ( SELECT region_name, month_name, product_name, revenue
FROM region_sales)pivot
( SUM(revenue) FOR month_name IN('一月' as month1, '二月' as month2, '三月' as month3, '四月' as month4, '五月' as month5, '六月' as month6, '七月' as month7, '八月' as month8, '九月' as month9, '十月' as month10, '十一月' as month11, '十二月' as month12)
)
### 二、嵌套子查询
嵌套子查询也是行列转换的一种重要手段,可以通过在子查询中预先定义新的列,将结果集转换为不同的形式,以便查询更加方便快捷。下面以一般统计的方式来计算社会基本信息统计,实现行列转换:
SELECT id, name, sex, age,
(SELECT COUNT(s.id) FROM student s WHERE s.department='IT') AS it_num,(SELECT COUNT(s.id) FROM student s WHERE s.department='language') AS lan_num,
(SELECT COUNT(s.id) FROM student s WHERE s.department='math') AS math_numFROM student
WHERE id=123;
### 三、analytic函数
analytic函数作为统计分析函数,其拥有强大的统计能力,可以实现行列转换功能,下面是例子:
SELECT region_name, product_name,
SUM(revenue) OVER (PARTITION BY region_name ORDER by product_name) AS total_saleFROM region_sales
### 四、union join
union join可以将同一表中的某几列行转换为列,它是实现多行数据到一行数据转换的一种常用方法。例如,将以下人员部门对应表中的人员和部门名称转换为一行:
-- 源表
name | dept |---------|--------
zhangsan | department1 lisi | department2
wangwu | department3
-- 目的表name | dept_1 | dept_2 | dept_3 |
------------------------- zhangsan | department1 | department2 | department3 |
实现方式:
SELECT name,
SUM(CASE dept WHEN 'department1' THEN dept END) AS dept_1, SUM(CASE dept WHEN 'department2' THEN dept END) AS dept_2 ,
SUM(CASE dept WHEN 'department3' THEN dept END) AS dept_3 FROM staff
GROUP BY name;
以上是Oracle中行列转换的几种常用方式。不管使用哪种方式,在开发过程中都要根据实际情况,进行灵活应用,进而提高查询效率,优化系统性能。