SQL开发知识:Oracle如何给数据库添加约束过程解析

主键约束(两个特性)

1:主键必须写

2:主键不可重复

create table stu01(
sid varchar(100),
sname varchar2(100)
–constraint PK_stu01_sid primary key (sid)
)

–添加约束(主键)
alter table stu01 add constraint PK_stu01_sid primary key(sid) —添加主键约束
alter table stu01 drop constraint PK_stu01_sid —删除主键约束

唯一约束(UNIQUE)

唯一,但是可以为空

create table stu02(
sid varchar2(100),
sname varchar2(100),
constraint PK_stu02_sid primary key(sid),
constraint UK_stu02_sname unique(sname)
)

非空约束(not null)

一般简写

create table stu03(
sid varchar2(100),
sname varchar2(100) not null,
constraint PK_stu03_sid primary key(sid),
constraint UK_stu03_sname unique(sname)
)

外键约束

先添加学生表、和课程表

create table stu04(
sid varchar2(100),
sname varchar2(100) not null,
constraint PK_stu04_sid primary key(sid),
constraint UK_stu04_sname unique(sname)
)

–创建课程表
create table course01(
cid varchar2(100),
cname varchar2(100) not null,
constraint PK_course01_cid primary key(cid),
constraint UK_course01_cname unique(cname)
)

–最后添加成绩表,外键约束课程表和学生表
create table mark02(
sid varchar2(100),
cid varchar2(100),
mark number,
constraint PK_mark02_sidAndcid primary key(sid,cid),
constraint FK_mark02_sid foreign key(sid) references stu04(sid),
constraint FK_mark02_cid foreign key(cid) references course01(cid),
constraint UK_mark02_mark unique(mark)
)

–删除外键约束
alter table mark01 drop constraint FK_mark02_sid
alter table mark01 drop constraint FK_mark02_cid

主键约束(两个特性)

1:主键必须写

2:主键不可重复

create table stu01(
sid varchar(100),
sname varchar2(100)
–constraint PK_stu01_sid primary key (sid)
)

–添加约束(主键)
alter table stu01 add constraint PK_stu01_sid primary key(sid) —添加主键约束
alter table stu01 drop constraint PK_stu01_sid —删除主键约束

唯一约束(UNIQUE)

唯一,但是可以为空

create table stu02(
sid varchar2(100),
sname varchar2(100),
constraint PK_stu02_sid primary key(sid),
constraint UK_stu02_sname unique(sname)
)

非空约束(not null)

一般简写

create table stu03(
sid varchar2(100),
sname varchar2(100) not null,
constraint PK_stu03_sid primary key(sid),
constraint UK_stu03_sname unique(sname)
)

外键约束

先添加学生表、和课程表

create table stu04(
sid varchar2(100),
sname varchar2(100) not null,
constraint PK_stu04_sid primary key(sid),
constraint UK_stu04_sname unique(sname)
)

–创建课程表
create table course01(
cid varchar2(100),
cname varchar2(100) not null,
constraint PK_course01_cid primary key(cid),
constraint UK_course01_cname unique(cname)
)

–最后添加成绩表,外键约束课程表和学生表
create table mark02(
sid varchar2(100),
cid varchar2(100),
mark number,
constraint PK_mark02_sidAndcid primary key(sid,cid),
constraint FK_mark02_sid foreign key(sid) references stu04(sid),
constraint FK_mark02_cid foreign key(cid) references course01(cid),
constraint UK_mark02_mark unique(mark)
)

–删除外键约束
alter table mark01 drop constraint FK_mark02_sid
alter table mark01 drop constraint FK_mark02_cid

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。


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