Oracle 视图 DBA_USERS 官方解释，作用，如何使用详细说明

USERNAME

VARCHAR2(128)

NOT NULL

Name of the user

USER_ID

NUMBER

NOT NULL

ID number of the user

PASSWORD

VARCHAR2(4000)

This column is deprecated in favor of the AUTHENTICATION_TYPE column

ACCOUNT_STATUS

VARCHAR2(32)

NOT NULL

Account status:

• OPEN

  The account is open.

• EXPIRED

  The password for the account is expired, either because the PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME limit was reached or because the password was expired by the ALTER USER … PASSWORD EXPIRE command. The user can log in with the expired password, then change the password.

• EXPIRED(GRACE)

  The password for the account is expired because the PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME limit was reached, but the password change grace period (PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME) has not yet elapsed. The user can log in with the expired password, but will receive an ORA-28002 warning as a reminder that the password must soon be changed. If the PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME elapses, the user can log in with the expired password, then change the password.

• LOCKED

  The account is locked, either by the ALTER USER … ACCOUNT LOCK command, or because the number of consecutive failed login attempts exceeded the FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS limit and the value of PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME is UNLIMITED. The account can be unlocked by the ALTER USER … ACCOUNT UNLOCK command.

• LOCKED(TIMED)

  The account is locked because the number of consecutive failed login attempts exceeded the FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS limit and the PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME has not yet elapsed. The account can be unlocked either by the ALTER USER … ACCOUNT UNLOCK command or by waiting until the PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME has elapsed.

• EXPIRED & LOCKED

  The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED account status.

• EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED

  The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status.

• EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)

  The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED account status.

• EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)

  The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status.

• OPEN & IN ROLLOVER

  The account is in the password rollover period. The user can log in with either the earlier password or the new password. However, at the time the user logs in, the server recalculates whether the account is still in its password rollover period. If the password rollover period has elapsed, then the login will succeed only if the new password was specified, and the account status will change to OPEN.

• EXPIRED & IN ROLLOVER

  The account is in the password rollover period and the password is expired as described for the EXPIRED account status. The user can log in with either the earlier password or the new password. However, at the time the user logs in, the server recalculates whether the account is still in its password rollover period. If the password rollover period has elapsed, then the login will succeed only if the new password was specified, and the account status will change to EXPIRED. After logging in, the user will be prompted to change the password.

• LOCKED & IN ROLLOVER

  The account is in the password rollover period and is also locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, after which the user can log in as described for the OPEN & IN ROLLOVER account status.

• EXPIRED & LOCKED & IN ROLLOVER

  The account is in the password rollover period, its password is expired as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, after which the user can log in as described for the EXPIRED & IN ROLLOVER account status.

• LOCKED(TIMED) & IN ROLLOVER

  The account is in the password rollover period and is also locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, after which the user can log in with either the earlier password or the new password. However, at the time the user logs in, the server recalculates whether the account is still in its password rollover period. If the password rollover period has elapsed, then the login will succeed only if the new password was specified.

• EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED) & IN ROL

  The account is in the password rollover period, its password is expired as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, after which the user can log in as described for the EXPIRED & IN ROLLOVER account status.

LOCK_DATE

DATE

Date the account was locked if account status was LOCKED

EXPIRY_DATE

DATE

Date of expiration of the account

DEFAULT_TABLESPACE

VARCHAR2(30)

NOT NULL

Default tablespace for data

TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE

VARCHAR2(30)

NOT NULL

Name of the default tablespace for temporary tables or the name of a tablespace group

LOCAL_TEMP_TABLESPACE

VARCHAR2(30)

Default local temporary tablespace for the user

CREATED

DATE

NOT NULL

User creation date

PROFILE

VARCHAR2(128)

NOT NULL

User resource profile name

INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP

VARCHAR2(128)

Initial resource consumer group for the user

EXTERNAL_NAME

VARCHAR2(4000)

User external name. For centrally managed users, if the database user mapping is an exclusive mapping, then this will be the directory service DN for the user. If this database user is a shared schema, it will be the DN of a group.

PASSWORD_VERSIONS

VARCHAR2(12)

Shows the list of versions of the password hashes (also known as “verifiers”) existing for the account.

The values for this column can include:

• 10G: If an old case-insensitive ORCL hash exists

• 11G: If a SHA-1 hash exists

• 12C: If a de-optimized PBKDF2-based hash exists

• HTTP: If an MD5 hash (for HTTP Digest authentication) exists

For more information about the 12C verifier, see Oracle Database
Concepts.

Note that any combination of these verifiers can exist for any given account.

EDITIONS_ENABLED

VARCHAR2(1)

Indicates whether editions have been enabled for the corresponding user (Y) or not (N)

AUTHENTICATION_TYPE

VARCHAR2(8)

Indicates the authentication mechanism for the user:

• NONE – The user has not been configured for an authentication method

• EXTERNAL – CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY;

• GLOBAL – CREATE USER user2 IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY;

• PASSWORD – CREATE USER user3 IDENTIFIED BY password;

PROXY_ONLY_CONNECT

VARCHAR2(1)

Indicates whether a user can connect directly (N) or whether the account can only be proxied (Y) by users who have proxy privileges for this account (that is, by users who have been granted the “connect through” privilege for this account).

For more information about creating proxy user accounts and authorizing users to connect through them, see Oracle Database Security
Guide.

COMMON

VARCHAR2(3)

Indicates whether a given user is common. Possible values

• YES if a user is common

• NO if a user is local (not common)

LAST_LOGIN

TIMESTAMP(9) WITH TIME ZONE

The time of the last user login

This column is not populated when a user connects to the database with administrative privileges, that is, AS { SYSASM | SYSBACKUP | SYSDBA | SYSDG | SYSOPER | SYSRAC | SYSKM }.

ORACLE_MAINTAINED

VARCHAR2(1)

Denotes whether the user was created, and is maintained, by Oracle-supplied scripts (such as catalog.sql or catproc.sql). A user for which this column has the value Y must not be changed in any way except by running an Oracle-supplied script.

INHERITED

VARCHAR2(3)

Indicates whether the user definition was inherited from another container (YES) or not (NO)

DEFAULT_COLLATION

VARCHAR2(100)

Default collation for the user’s schema

IMPLICIT

VARCHAR2(3)

Indicates whether this user is a common user created by an implicit application (YES) or not (NO)

ALL_SHARD

VARCHAR2(3)

In a sharded database, the value in this column indicates whether the user was created with shard DDL enabled. The possible values are:

• YES: The user was created with shard DDL enabled. The user exists on all shards and the shard catalog.

• NO: The user was created without shard DDL enabled. The user exists only in the database in which the user was created.

In a non-sharded database, the value in this column is always NO.

EXTERNAL_SHARD^Foot 1

VARCHAR2(3)

In a federated sharded database, the value in this column indicates whether the user is an external shard user (YES) or not (NO).

In other types of databases, the value in this column is always NO.

PASSWORD_CHANGE_DATE

DATE

Date on which the user’s password was last set

This column is populated only when the value of the AUTHENTICATION_TYPE column is PASSWORD. Otherwise, this column is null.

MANDATORY_PROFILE_VIOLATION^Foot 1

VARCHAR2(3)

If the value in this column is YES, then the user account password violates the mandatory profile password complexity requirements and must be changed before the grace period expires.

Otherwise, the value in this column is NO.