Linux中如何查看文件的创建时间详解
一、简介
Linux的文件能否找到文件的创建时间取决于文件系统类型,在ext4之前的早期文件系统中(ext、ext2、ext3),文件的元数据不会记录文件的创建时间,它只会记录访问时间、修改时间、更改时间(状态更改时间)。典型的文件的基础信息如下所示:
[root@bugwz ~]# stat test.file File: ‘test.file' Size: 2 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 807h/2055d Inode: 5255117 Links: 1 Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2019-12-12 19:11:33.175841399 +0800 Modify: 2019-12-12 19:11:37.564970487 +0800 Change: 2019-12-12 19:11:43.079132663 +0800 Birth: -
- Access:访问时间,文件数据的最后访问时间(例如:读文件内容);
- Modify:修改时间,文件数据的最后修改时间。(例如:修改文件内容);
- Change:状态更改时间,这个跟 Modify 时间很容易混淆,文件的属性(权限,大小等)的变更时间;
二、实践
2.1、获取文件的创建时间
获取文件inode号,如下所示,拿到inode号为:5255117;
[root@bugwz data]# stat /data/test.file File: ‘/data/test.file' Size: 2 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 807h/2055d Inode: 5255117 Links: 1 Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2019-12-12 19:11:33.175841399 +0800 Modify: 2019-12-12 19:11:37.564970487 +0800 Change: 2019-12-12 19:11:43.079132663 +0800 Birth: -
查找文件所在的磁盘路径,如下所示,拿到磁盘路径为:/dev/sda7
[root@bugwz data]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 3.9G 2.5G 1.2G 70% / devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 16G 1.7G 14G 11% /run tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 12G 11G 787M 94% /usr /dev/sda5 7.8G 4.2G 3.2G 57% /tmp /dev/sda7 235G 180G 44G 81% /data /dev/sda6 7.8G 2.1G 5.3G 29% /var
使用debugfs查看文件的创建时间,发现创建时间crtime为:Thu Dec 12 19:05:23 2019
[root@bugwz data1]# debugfs -R 'stat <5255117>' /dev/sda7 debugfs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Inode: 5255117 Type: regular Mode: 0755 Flags: 0x80000 Generation: 758605841 Version: 0x00000000:00000001 User: 0 Group: 0 Size: 2 File ACL: 0 Directory ACL: 0 Links: 1 Blockcount: 8 Fragment: Address: 0 Number: 0 Size: 0 ctime: 0x5df2206f:12dddfdc -- Thu Dec 12 19:11:43 2019 atime: 0x5df22065:29ec81dc -- Thu Dec 12 19:11:33 2019 mtime: 0x5df22069:86b30fdc -- Thu Dec 12 19:11:37 2019 crtime: 0x5df21ef3:d586ca44 -- Thu Dec 12 19:05:23 2019 Size of extra inode fields: 28 EXTENTS: (0):16949121
2.2、集成脚本:
#!/bin/sh [ $# -ne 1 ] && echo "Usage: $0 {FILENAME}" && exit 1 INODE=`ls -i $1 |awk '{print $1}'` FILENAME=$1 # 如果传入参数带/,则获取这个传入参数的目录路径并进入目录 `echo $FILENAME | grep / 1> /dev/null` && { FPWD=${FILENAME%/*};FPWD=${FPWD:=/};cd ${FPWD};FPWD=`pwd`; } || FPWD=`pwd` array=(`echo ${FPWD} | sed 's@/@ @g'`) array_length=${#array[@]} for ((i=${array_length};i>=0;i--)); do unset array[$i] SUBPWD=`echo " "${array[@]} | sed 's@ @/@g'` DISK=`df -h |grep ${SUBPWD}$ |awk '{print $1}'` [[ -n $DISK ]] && break done # 文件系统非ext4则退出 [[ "`df -T | grep ${DISK} |awk '{print $2}'`" != "ext4" ]] && { echo ${DISK} is not mount on type ext4! Only ext4 file system support!;exit 2; } debugfs -R "stat <${INODE}>" ${DISK}