配置 Oracle 主数据库路径实现智能化管理(oracle主数据库路径)
配置 Oracle 主数据库路径实现智能化管理
Oracle数据库在企业中的应用越来越广泛,为了保证数据库的高可用性和高性能,一般都需要配置主从数据库,而主数据库的路径配置是重点和难点之一。通过智能化管理配置主数据库路径,可以使管理员更加方便快捷地进行数据库管理。下面将详细讲解如何实现。
第一步:设置Oracle的环境变量
1.在Linux系统中,编辑/etc/profile文件,将以下命令添加到其中,保存并退出:
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
2.执行source /etc/profile或者重启机器使环境变量生效。
第二步:创建主数据库
1.新建一个实例来代替默认的XE实例:
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter system set db_name=’ORCL’ sid=’ORCL’ scope=spfile;
alter database open;
2.为主数据库创建控制文件和归档日志:
alter database add logfile group 1 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log’) size 50m,
group 2 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log’) size 50m,
group 3 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log’) size 50m;
alter database add logfile group 4 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log’) size 50m,
group 5 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log’) size 50m,
group 6 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log’) size 50m;
alter system switch logfile;
alter database create controlfile reuse set database “ORCL” resetlogs;
第三步:设置备份路径和归档路径
1.创建备份文件夹:
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/backup
2.设置备份路径:
alter system set backup_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/backup’ scope=both;
3.创建归档文件夹:
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive
4.设置归档路径:
alter system set log_archive_dest_1=’LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive’ scope=both;
第四步:设置监听器
1.编辑listener.ora文件:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
vi listener.ora
2.将以下内容添加到其中:
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
)
3.编辑tnsnames.ora文件:
vi tnsnames.ora
4.将以下内容添加到其中:
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
5.重启监听器:
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
第五步:配置备份计划
1.编写备份脚本:
vi /u01/app/oracle/backup/backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
rman target / log=/u01/app/oracle/backup/backup.log
run {
allocate channel for backup type disk;
backup as compressed backupset database format ‘/u01/app/oracle/backup/%d_%t_%s_%p.bak’ tag ‘FULL_BACKUP’;
backup as compressed backupset archivelog all not backed up 2 times format ‘/u01/app/oracle/backup/%d_%t_%s_%p.arc’ tag ‘ARCHIVE_BACKUP’;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
release channel;
}
exit;
EOF
2.给脚本添加可执行权限:
chmod +x /u01/app/oracle/backup/backup.sh
3.设置计划任务:
crontab -e
4.添加以下内容到其中,每天凌晨3点自动备份数据库:
0 3 * * * sh /u01/app/oracle/backup/backup.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
至此,配置主数据库路径完成,管理员可以随时备份数据库,保证数据的安全。同时,可以通过智能化管理工具实现自动备份和灾备切换等高级功能,提高数据库管理效率。