C 嵌入式Oracle驱动实时数据应用开发(C 嵌入式oracle)
C 嵌入式Oracle驱动实时数据应用开发
在嵌入式系统的开发中,实时性一直是一个重要的问题。Oracle数据库系统几乎被所有企业所使用,因此在嵌入式系统中使用Oracle数据库是一个很常见的需求。本文将介绍如何使用C编写嵌入式Oracle驱动程序,实现实时数据应用开发。
1.准备工作
在开始实时数据应用开发前,需要安装Oracle数据库和Oracle ODBC驱动程序。此外,需要安装C开发环境,如Cygwin或MinGW。
2.连接Oracle数据库
连接Oracle数据库需要使用ODBC驱动程序。ODBC驱动程序提供了一种通用的接口来连接和处理关系型数据库。在本文中,使用Oracle ODBC驱动程序来连接Oracle数据库。以下是Oracle ODBC驱动程序的连接接口:
“`C
SQLRETURN SQLAllocHandle(SQLSMALLINT HandleType, SQLHANDLE InputHandle, SQLHANDLE *OutputHandlePtr);
SQLRETURN SQLSetEnvAttr(SQLHENV EnvironmentHandle, SQLINTEGER Attribute, SQLPOINTER Value, SQLINTEGER Length);
SQLRETURN SQLAllocConnect(SQLHENV EnvironmentHandle, SQLHDBC *ConnectionHandlePtr);
SQLRETURN SQLDriverConnect(SQLHDBC ConnectionHandle, SQLHWND WindowHandle, SQLCHAR *InConnectionString,
SQLSMALLINT StringLength1, SQLCHAR *OutConnectionString, SQLSMALLINT BufferLength,
SQLSMALLINT *StringLength2Ptr, SQLUSMALLINT DriverCompletion);
SQLRETURN SQLAllocStmt(SQLHDBC ConnectionHandle, SQLHSTMT *StatementHandlePtr);
SQLRETURN SQLExecDirect(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle, SQLCHAR *StatementText, SQLINTEGER TextLength);
SQLRETURN SQLBindCol(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle, SQLUSMALLINT ColumnNumber, SQLSMALLINT TargetType,
SQLPOINTER TargetValuePtr, SQLINTEGER BufferLength, SQLINTEGER *StrLen_or_IndPtr);
SQLRETURN SQLFetch(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle);
SQLRETURN SQLFreeHandle(SQLSMALLINT HandleType, SQLHANDLE Handle);
3.创建表
在Oracle数据库中创建一张表,以便向其中添加数据。以下是创建表的SQL语句:
```SQLCREATE TABLE employees
(id NUMBER(5),
name VARCHAR2(50),age NUMBER(3),
salary NUMBER(10,2),hire_date DATE
);
4.向表中添加数据
使用以下的函数来向表中添加数据:
“`C
SQLRETURN SQLPrepare(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle, SQLCHAR *StatementText, SQLINTEGER TextLength);
SQLRETURN SQLBindParameter(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle, SQLUSMALLINT ParameterNumber, SQLSMALLINT ValueType,
SQLSMALLINT ParameterType, SQLULEN LengthPrecision, SQLSMALLINT ParameterScale, SQLPOINTER ParameterValue,
SQLLEN BufferLength, SQLLEN *IndicatorValuePtr);
SQLRETURN SQLExecute(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle);
通过调用SQLPrepare函数将SQL语句绑定到语句句柄上,使用SQLBindParameter函数将需要传递的参数绑定到语句句柄上,最后调用SQLExecute函数执行SQL语句。
5.从表中读取数据
使用以下函数来从表中读取数据:
```CSQLRETURN SQLPrepare(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle, SQLCHAR *StatementText, SQLINTEGER TextLength);
SQLRETURN SQLBindCol(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle, SQLUSMALLINT ColumnNumber, SQLSMALLINT TargetType, SQLPOINTER TargetValuePtr, SQLINTEGER BufferLength, SQLINTEGER *StrLen_or_IndPtr);
SQLRETURN SQLFetch(SQLHSTMT StatementHandle);
使用SQLPrepare函数绑定SQL语句,使用SQLBindCol函数将需要读取的列绑定到语句句柄上,并使用SQLFetch函数从语句句柄中读取数据。
6.代码
以下是嵌入式Oracle驱动的示例代码:
“`C
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define MAX_SQL_LENGTH 1024
int mn()
{
// Allocate and initialize environment handle
SQLHENV henv;
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv);
SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (void*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0);
// Allocate and initialize connection handle
SQLHDBC hdbc;
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc);
SQLCHAR* connectionString = (SQLCHAR*)”DRIVER={Oracle in XE};UID=;PWD=;DBQ=XE;”;
SQLRETURN retCode = SQLDriverConnect(hdbc, NULL, connectionString, SQL_NTS, NULL, 0, NULL, SQL_DRIVER_COMPLETE);
if (retCode != SQL_SUCCESS && retCode != SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
{
printf(“SQLDriverConnect fled\n”);
return 1;
}
else
{
printf(“Connection successfull\n”);
}
// Allocate and initialize statement handle
SQLHSTMT hstmt;
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt);
// Insert data
SQLCHAR* insertQuery = (SQLCHAR*)”INSERT INTO employees(id, name, age, salary, hire_date) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)”;
SQLINTEGER id = 1;
SQLCHAR* name = (SQLCHAR*)”John Doe”;
SQLINTEGER age = 30;
SQLDOUBLE salary = 50000.00;
SQLCHAR* hireDate = (SQLCHAR*)”2021-06-01″;
SQLLEN idInd, nameInd, ageInd, salaryInd, hireDateInd;
SQLPrepare(hstmt, insertQuery, strlen((char*)insertQuery));
SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_LONG, SQL_INTEGER, 5, 0, &id, 0, &idInd);
SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_VARCHAR, 50, 0, name, 0, &nameInd);
SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 3, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_LONG, SQL_INTEGER, 3, 0, &age, 0, &ageInd);
SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 4, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_DOUBLE, SQL_DOUBLE, 10, 2, &salary, 0, &salaryInd);
SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 5, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_CHAR, SQL_TYPE_DATE, 10, 0, hireDate, 0, &hireDateInd);
SQLExecute(hstmt);
printf(“Data inserted\n”);
// Read data
SQLCHAR* selectQuery = (SQLCHAR*)”SELECT * FROM employees”;
SQLINTEGER idOut;
SQLCHAR nameOut[51];
SQLINTEGER ageOut;
SQLDOUBLE salaryOut;
SQL_TIMESTAMP_STRUCT hireDateOut;
SQLLEN idOutInd, nameOutInd, ageOutInd, salaryOutInd, hireDateOutInd;
SQLPrepare(hstmt, selectQuery, strlen((char*)selectQuery));
SQLBindCol(hstmt, 1, SQL_C_LONG, &idOut, 5, &idOutInd);
SQLBindCol(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_CHAR, nameOut, 51, &nameOutInd);
SQLBindCol(hstmt, 3, SQL_C_LONG, &ageOut, 3, &ageOutInd);
SQLBindCol(hstmt, 4, SQL_C_DOUBLE, &salaryOut, 10, &salaryOutInd);
SQLBindCol(hstmt, 5, SQL_C_TYPE_TIMESTAMP, &hireDateOut, 19, &hireDateOutInd);
SQLFetch(hstmt);
printf(“id: %d, name: %s, age: %d, salary: %f, hireDate: %d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n”,
idOut, nameOut, ageOut, salaryOut, hireDateOut.year, hireDateOut.month, hireDateOut.day,
hireDateOut.hour, hireDateOut.minute, hireDateOut.second);
// Free resources
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
SQLDisconnect(hdbc);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
return 0;
}
7.总结
本文介绍了如何使用C编写嵌入式Oracle驱动程序,实现实时数据应用开发。使用Oracle ODBC驱动程序连接Oracle数据库,并使用相关函数向数据库中插入数据和读取数据。编写嵌入式Oracle驱动程序,将嵌入式系统与企业级数据库连接起来,为实时数据应用提供了很大的便利。